pendidikan karakter

IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA DI SEKOLAH

A. Latar belakang pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter
Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu hal penting untuk membangun karakter bangsa. Sayangnya, pendidikan karakter di Indonesia selama ini baru menyentuh pada tingkatan pengenalan norma atau nilai-nilai. Pendidikan karakter yang dilakukan belum sampai pada tingkatan interalisasi dan tindakan nyata dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Ketua Tim Ahli Pusat Studi Pancasila (PSP) UGM, Prof. Sutaryo mengungkapkan saat ini terlihat adanya reduksi besar-besaran terhadap arti pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Salah satunya seperti pemisahan antara pendidikan dan kebudayaan pada ranah struktur aparatur pemerintah yang awalnya adalah Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayan menjadi Departemen Pendidikan dan Departemen Kebudayaan dan pariwisata.
“Pendidikan sekolah saat ini sudah tercerabut dari filosofi pendidikan. Tiga pusat pendidikan yaitu lingkungan keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat justru dipisahkan. Pada akhirnya hasil akhir dari pendidikan itu sendiri lebih sering menjadi tidak menentu,” urai Sutaryo dalam acara Pelatihan pembangunan Karakter pada SDM Penyelenggara SDM SMK RSBI, Selasa (11/10) di Wisma Kagama.
Demikian pula dengan kebudayaan yang direduksi menjadi kegiatan kebudayaan dan pariwisata dengan tujuan menjaring wisatawan sebanyak mungkin untuk menimba devisa. “Yang terjadi justru bukan dalam ranah untu meneguhkan karakter budaya bangsa sebagai basis mental masyarakat Indonesia,” jelasnya.
Sementara itu budayawan Prof. Dr. Sumijati AS., menyampaikan desain pendidikan karakter di sekolah melalui model sekolah harmoni. Konsep sekolah harmoni mengedepankan nilai-nilai keserasian, ketentraman, kedamaian dalam aktifitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru, siswa, dan seluruh elemen di sekolah. “ Pendidikan karakter dalam sekolah harmoni mengajarkan hidup dalam perbedaan, membangun kepercayaan, saling menhargai dan pengertian serta menumbuhkan sikap terbuka dalam berpikir,” Jelasnya.
Sumijati menambahkan praktik budaya harmoni di sekolah dapat dilakukan dengan merefleksikan bersama kekerasan sosial yang terjadi antar pelajar untuk menciptakan budaya harmoni di kalangan pelajar. Selain itu praktik budaya harmoni juga bisa dilakukan dengan memutus relasi senior-junior di kelas yang mengarah pada aktifitas non akademik, menciptakan model pembelajaran nir kekerasan, dan memperbanyak kegiatan akademik yang mengarah terciptanya budaya harmoni.
“ Praktik budaya harmoni di sekolah juga bisa dilakukan dengan menciptakan saluran sosial bagi siswa yang tidak banyak melibatkan diri dalam kegiatan sekolah,” imbuhnya. (Humas UGM/Ika)

Pengertian Pendidikan Karakter
Dari segi bahasa pendidikan dapat diartikan perbuatan (hal, cara dan sebagainya) mendidik, dan berarti pula pengetahuan tentang mendidik, atau pemeliharaan (latihan-latihan dan sebagainya) badan, batin dan sebagainya (Poerwadarminta, 1991). sedangakan pendidikan secara istilah dalam undang-undang sistem pendidikan nasional (pasal 1 UU RI No. 20 th, 2003) dinyatakan bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta ketrampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat bangsa dan negara.
ki Hajar Dewantara mengatakan bahwa pendidikan berarti daya upaya untuk memajukan pertumbuhan nilai moral (kekuatan batin, karakter), fikiran (intellect) dan tumbuh anak yang antara satu dan lainnya saling berhubungan agar dapat memajukan kesempurnaan hidup, yakni kehidupan dan penghidupan anak-anak yang kita didik selaras.
sedangkan akar kata “karakter” itu sendiri berasal dari bahasa latin “kharakter”, kharassein, dan kharax. kemudian kata ini digunakan dalam bahasa perancis “caractere” pada abad -14 dan kemudian masuk dalam bahasa inggris menjadi “charactere“, sebelum akhirnya menjadi bahasa indonesia “karakter“.
menurut kamus lengkap bahasa indonesia, karakter adalah sifat-sifat kejiwaan, akhlak atau budi pekerti yang membedakan seseorang dari yang lain, tabiat, watak.
karakter merupakan watak, tabiat, akhlak, atau kepribadian seseorang yang terbentuk dari hasil internalisasi berbagai kebajikan (virtues) yang diyakini dan digunakan sebagai landasan untuk cara pandang, berpikir, bersikap, dan bertindak.
sehingga pendidikan karakter merupakan usaha untuk mendidik dan membentuk kepribadian seseorang melalui pendidikan nilai, nilai-nilai yang dikembangkan adalah religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, serta tanggung jawab. yang kemudian di internalisasi melalui mata pelajaran di sekolah, yang hasilnya bisa dilihat dari tindakan nyata seseorang.



Tujuan Pendidikan Karakter
membantu siswa untuk mengembangkan potensi kebijakan sehingga terwujud dalam kebiasaan baik ( hati, pikiran, perkataan, sikap dan perbuatan).
Menyiapkan siswa menjadi warga negara yang baik, mengarahkan siswa agar mampu membangun kehidupan yang baik, berguna dan bermakna.
Ruang Lingkup Mengembangkan karakter bangsa agar mampu mewujudkan nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila Pengembangkan potensi dasar, agar “berhati baik, berpikiran baik & berperilaku baik”. Pebaikan thd perilaku yg kurang baik dan penguatan perilaku yg sudah baik. Penyaring budaya yg kurang sesuai dg nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila. TUJUAN: FUNGSI: Keluarga; satuan pendidikan; masyarakat sipil; masyarakat politik; pemerintah; dunia usaha; media massa. RUANG LINGKUP SASARAN:
Karakter Yang Diharapkan (UU RI NO 17 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG RPJPN 2005-2025) Tangguh, kompetitif, berakhlak mulia, bermoral, bertoleran, bergotong royong, patriotik, dinamis, berbudaya, dan berorientasi Ipteks berdasarkan Pancasila dan dijiwai oleh iman dan takwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa

Simple Present Tense

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness. It is used to talk about an action which happens on a regular basis.

POSITIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	VERB	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	study	in Bal Bharti school.
You	study	in Bal Bharti school.
He	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
Mohan	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
The boy	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
She	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
Pooja	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
The girl	studies	in Bal Bharti school.
We	study	in Bal Bharti school.
You	study	in Bal Bharti school.
They	study	in Bal Bharti school.
The children	study	in Bal Bharti school.

Notice how we use ‘study’ for the subjects I, You, We, You and They and we use ‘studies’ for the subjects ‘He’ and ‘She’.

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT	DON’T (DO NOT) / DOESN’T (DOES NOT)	VERB	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	don’t	play	football.
You	don’t	play	football.
He	doesn’t	play	football.
Mohan	doesn’t	play	football.
The boy	doesn’t	play	football.
She	doesn’t	play	football.
Pooja	doesn’t	play	football.
The girl	doesn’t	play	football.
We	don’t	play	football.
You	don’t	play	football.
They	don’t	play	football.
The men	don’t	play	football.

Notice how we use ‘don’t’ for the subjects I, You, We, You and They
and we use ‘doesn’t’ for the subjects ‘He’ and ‘She’. The verb form remains the same for all subjects.
  
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS / QUESTIONS

DO / DOES	SUBJECT	VERB	REST OF THE SENTENCE
Do	I	sleep	in the afternoon?
Do	you	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	he	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	Mohan	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	the boy	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	she	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	Pooja	sleep	in the afternoon?
Does	the girl	sleep	in the afternoon?
Do	we	sleep	in the afternoon?
Do	you	sleep	in the afternoon?
Do	they	sleep	in the afternoon?
Do	the men	sleep	in the afternoon?

Notice how we use ‘Do’ for the subjects I, You, We, You and They
and we use ‘Does’ for the subjects ‘He’ and ‘She’. The verb form remains the same for all subjects.

Simple Present

Introduction

The simple present tense is one of the most common tenses in English. This page will explain the rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.

1. Forming the simple present tense

There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with -s and the other doesn't. Here are the rules, using the example verb "sing":

Subject	Verb Form	Example
I	simple form	I sing
You	simple form	You sing
He	simple form + S	He sings
She	simple form + S	She sings
It	simple form + S	It sings
We	simple form	We sing
They	simple form	They sing

In other words, only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she and it) have to have a verb with -S.


2. -s or -es ?
With most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding -S. However, with some verbs, you need to add -ES or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:

Verb ending in...	How to make the 3rd person singular	Example
s	Add -ES	He passes
z	Add -ES	She waltzes
sh	Add -ES	She wishes
ch	Add -ES	He watches
x	Add -ES	She mixes
o	Add -ES	He goes
consonant + y	Change Y to I, then add -ES	It flies
[anything else]	Add -S	He sings

When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.

Conditional sentences

Conditional sentences - type I

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)

Use

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

If Clause	Main Clause
Simple Present	will-future or infinitive or Modal + infinitive

Examples

If I study,	I will pass the exams.
If you see John tonight,	tell him to e-mail me.
If Ben gets up early,	he can catch the bus.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I study,	I will pass the exams.
I will pass the exams	if I study.

Conditional sentences - type II

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)

Use

It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

If Clause	Main Clause
Simple Past	would + infinitive or could + infinitive or might + infinitive

Examples

If I studied,	I would pass the exams.
If I studied,	I could pass the exams.
If I studied,	I might pass the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I studied,	I would pass the exams.
I would pass the exams	if I studied.

Conditional sentences - type III

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)

Use

It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

If Clause	Main Clause
Past Perfect	would + have + past participle or could + have + past participle or might + have + past participle

Examples

If I had studied,	I would have passed the exams.
If I had studied,	I could have passed the exams.
If I had studied,	I might have passed the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I had studied,	I would have passed the exams
I would have passed the exams	If I had studied,

Conditional sentences - Special types and structures

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)

Structure

If-clauses can be clause-initial (1), clause-medial (2) as well as clause-final (3).

(1)	If you like, we can catch a movie.
(2)	We, if you like, can catch a movie.
(3)	We can catch a movie if you like.

Types

Aside from the typical type I, II, III strucure, conditionals can be divided into two categories:
real and unreal conditionals.

Real Condition

If I have money, I spend it.	Present Real Conditional - type I
If I had money, I spent it.	Past Real Conditional - type I
If I have money, I will/am going to spend it.	Future Real Conditional - type I

Unreal Condition

If I had had money, I would have spent it.		Past unreal Conditional - type III
If I had money, I would spend it.	I think about spending the money TODAY.	Present unreal Conditional - type II
If I had money, I would spend it.	I think about spending the money NEXT WEEK.	Future unreal Conditional - type II

Special Features

Modal verbs
Main clauses with real conditional tenses can have modal verbs.

If I have money, I can spend it.

You can use could and might instead of would in unreal conditional clauses.

If I had money, I could spend it. (I would be able to spend it.)

If I had money, I might spend it. (I would possibly spend it.)

Mixed Conditionals

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)

Mixed Conditionals

Unreal conditionals (type II + III) sometimes can be mixed, that is, the time of the if clause is different from the one of the main clause.

Past --> Present
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.

Past --> Future
If I had known that you are going to come by tomorrow, I would be in then.

Present --> Past
If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.

Present --> Future
If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle.

Future --> Past
If I weren't flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Vancouver.

Future --> Present
If I were taking this exam next week, I would be high-strung.